The boundaries between major and independent labels, and the definitions of each, differ from commentator to commentator. In practice, however, the traditional definition of a 'major' record label is one that owns its own distribution channel. Some independent record labels, in particular those with successful performing artists, sign dual-release agreements (and make other deals) with major labels and may rely to some extent on international licensing deals, distribution agreements, and other arrangements with major record labels. Major labels may also wholly or partially acquire independent labels. Other nominally "independent" labels are started (and sometimes run) by major label artists but are still owned at least in part by the major label parent. These spin-off labels are also frequently referred to as vanity labels or "boutique labels" and are intended to appease established, powerful artists and/or to give them latitude in discovering and promoting new talent. According to Association of Independent Music (AIM) a "major" label is defined in AIM's constitution as a multinational company which (with the other companies in its group) has more than 5% of the world market for the sale of records and music videos.
A few examples of Independent Labels are;
Angular Recording Corporation, Audio Antihero, Audiobulb Records, AudioPorn Records, Mr Bongo Records, My Dad Recordings and My Kung Fu.
Tuesday, 10 July 2012
Music labels and Brand research -Mayor Labels
The major music labels today are four media conglomerates that operate a few different specific label imprints, the actual company logo stamped on the recording. The four major labels account for 70% of music sales worldwide and 85% of music sales in the U.S.
-Universal Music Group
-Sony BMG Music Entertainment
-EMI Group
-Warner Music Group
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group (UMG) is the world’s largest music content company with market leading positions in recorded music, music publishing, and merchandising.
The recorded music business discovers and develops recording artists and then markets and promotes their music across a wide array of formats and platforms. UMG's music publishing company, Universal Music Publishing Group, discovers and develops songwriters, and owns and administers copyrights to musical compositions for use in recordings, public performances, and related uses, such as films and advertisements. Bravado, UMG’s merchandising company, sells artist- and music-branded products via multiple sales point such as fashion retail, live performances, and the Internet.
The Universal Music Group is composed of the following record labels; A&M/Octone, Barclay, Decca, Def Jam Recordings, Deutsche Grammophon, Disa, ECM, Emarcy, Fonovisa, Geffen Records, Interscope, Island Records, Lost Highway, Machete Music, MCA Nashville, Mercury Nashville, Mercury Records, Motown Records, Polydor Records, Show Dog–Universal Music, Universal Music Latino, Universal Republic, and Verve Music Group.
Examples of the large number of artists and bands that are represented; Akon, All American Rejects, Erykah Badu, The Band Perry, Beck, Justin Bieber, The Black Eyed Peas, Mary J. Blige, Bon Jovi, Busta Rhymes, Colbie Caillat, Mariah Carey, Keyshia Cole, Sheryl Crow, Billy Currington, Daddy Yankee, Drake, Dr. Dre and Eminem. UMG represents many artists across the globe from the Americas to Europe and Asia.
EMI Music
EMI Music is one of the world’s leading music companies, home to some of the most successful and best known recording artists.
Record labels on the EMI group include; Angel, Astralwerks, Blue Note, Capitol, Capitol Latin, Capitol Records Nashville, EMI Classics, EMI CMG, EMI Records, EMI Records Nashville, Manhattan, Parlophone, Virgin Classics and Virgin Records.
Popular artists on EMI labels include Lily Allen, Bat For Lashes, The Beatles, Beastie Boys, Luke Bryan, Coldplay, Depeche Mode, Gorillaz, David Guetta, Iron Maiden, Norah Jones, Lady Antebellum, Massive Attack, Kylie Minogue, Katy Perry, Pink Floyd, Corinne Bailey Rae, Sir Simon Rattle, Snoop Dogg, Tinie Tempah and Thirty Seconds To Mars.
Sony BMG Music Entertainment
Sony Music Entertainment is a global recorded music company with a roster that includes a broad array of both local artists and international superstars. The company boasts a vast catalog that comprises some of the most important recordings in history. It is home to premier record labels representing music from every genre. Sony Music Entertainment is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America.
Record Labels in the Sony music group are; Arista Nashville, Beach Street Records, Bystorm Entertainment, Columbia Nashville, Columbia Records, Day 1, Epic Records, Essential Records, Flicker Records, Kemosabe Records, Legacy Recordings, MASTERWORKS, Polo Grounds, RCA Records, RCA Nashville, Reunion Records, Roc Nation, Sony Classical, Sony Music Latin, Star Time International, Syco Music, Verity Music Group and Volcano.
Artists included and represented in the Sony music group are; Calle 13, Calvin Harris, Celine Dion, Cee Lo Green, Chipmunk, Chris Brown, Chris Daughtry, Christina Aguilera, Classified, Paul Potts, Pearl Jam, Pink and Pitbull.
-Universal Music Group
-Sony BMG Music Entertainment
-EMI Group
-Warner Music Group
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group (UMG) is the world’s largest music content company with market leading positions in recorded music, music publishing, and merchandising.
The recorded music business discovers and develops recording artists and then markets and promotes their music across a wide array of formats and platforms. UMG's music publishing company, Universal Music Publishing Group, discovers and develops songwriters, and owns and administers copyrights to musical compositions for use in recordings, public performances, and related uses, such as films and advertisements. Bravado, UMG’s merchandising company, sells artist- and music-branded products via multiple sales point such as fashion retail, live performances, and the Internet.
The Universal Music Group is composed of the following record labels; A&M/Octone, Barclay, Decca, Def Jam Recordings, Deutsche Grammophon, Disa, ECM, Emarcy, Fonovisa, Geffen Records, Interscope, Island Records, Lost Highway, Machete Music, MCA Nashville, Mercury Nashville, Mercury Records, Motown Records, Polydor Records, Show Dog–Universal Music, Universal Music Latino, Universal Republic, and Verve Music Group.
Examples of the large number of artists and bands that are represented; Akon, All American Rejects, Erykah Badu, The Band Perry, Beck, Justin Bieber, The Black Eyed Peas, Mary J. Blige, Bon Jovi, Busta Rhymes, Colbie Caillat, Mariah Carey, Keyshia Cole, Sheryl Crow, Billy Currington, Daddy Yankee, Drake, Dr. Dre and Eminem. UMG represents many artists across the globe from the Americas to Europe and Asia.
EMI Music
EMI Music is one of the world’s leading music companies, home to some of the most successful and best known recording artists.
Record labels on the EMI group include; Angel, Astralwerks, Blue Note, Capitol, Capitol Latin, Capitol Records Nashville, EMI Classics, EMI CMG, EMI Records, EMI Records Nashville, Manhattan, Parlophone, Virgin Classics and Virgin Records.
Popular artists on EMI labels include Lily Allen, Bat For Lashes, The Beatles, Beastie Boys, Luke Bryan, Coldplay, Depeche Mode, Gorillaz, David Guetta, Iron Maiden, Norah Jones, Lady Antebellum, Massive Attack, Kylie Minogue, Katy Perry, Pink Floyd, Corinne Bailey Rae, Sir Simon Rattle, Snoop Dogg, Tinie Tempah and Thirty Seconds To Mars.
Sony BMG Music Entertainment
Sony Music Entertainment is a global recorded music company with a roster that includes a broad array of both local artists and international superstars. The company boasts a vast catalog that comprises some of the most important recordings in history. It is home to premier record labels representing music from every genre. Sony Music Entertainment is a wholly owned subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America.
Record Labels in the Sony music group are; Arista Nashville, Beach Street Records, Bystorm Entertainment, Columbia Nashville, Columbia Records, Day 1, Epic Records, Essential Records, Flicker Records, Kemosabe Records, Legacy Recordings, MASTERWORKS, Polo Grounds, RCA Records, RCA Nashville, Reunion Records, Roc Nation, Sony Classical, Sony Music Latin, Star Time International, Syco Music, Verity Music Group and Volcano.
Artists included and represented in the Sony music group are; Calle 13, Calvin Harris, Celine Dion, Cee Lo Green, Chipmunk, Chris Brown, Chris Daughtry, Christina Aguilera, Classified, Paul Potts, Pearl Jam, Pink and Pitbull.
Music labels and Brand research -General
The music industry or music business sells compositions, recordings and performances of music. Among the many individuals and organizations that operate within the industry are: the musicians who compose and perform the music; the companies and professionals who create and sell recorded music; those that present live music performances; professionals who assist musicians with their music careers; those who broadcast music journalists; educators; musical instrument manufacturers; as well as many others.
Within the music industry; most recording artists have become increasingly reliant upon record labels to broaden their consumer base, market their albums, and be both promoted and heard on mp3, radio, etc. and of course television also, with publicists that assist performers in positive media reports to market their merchandise, and make it available via stores and other media outlets. The Internet has increasingly been a way that some artists avoid costs and gain new audiences, as well as the use of videos in some cases, to sell their products.
A record label is a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Most commonly, a record label is the company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing and promotion, and enforcement of copyright protection of sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term "record label" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.
Within the music industry; most recording artists have become increasingly reliant upon record labels to broaden their consumer base, market their albums, and be both promoted and heard on mp3, radio, etc. and of course television also, with publicists that assist performers in positive media reports to market their merchandise, and make it available via stores and other media outlets. The Internet has increasingly been a way that some artists avoid costs and gain new audiences, as well as the use of videos in some cases, to sell their products.
A record label is a brand and a trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Most commonly, a record label is the company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing and promotion, and enforcement of copyright protection of sound recordings and music videos; conducts talent scouting and development of new artists and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term "record label" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name, along with other information.
Monday, 9 July 2012
History of Music Video's
- History of Music Videos!• Music videos have a history dating back to the earliest days of sound films.• Many upcoming music was promoted through Disney films as they were based around those particular songs
- Soundies!• Another form of music videos were one songs films called Soundies, made in the 1940s.• Thousands of Soundies were made mostly contaning jazz musicians.
- First TV short music clip!• The very first shot music clips, made specifically for the USA television, were the snader Telescriptions.• More than 1000 short music films were filmed for the use of television filler between 1950 and 1954.
- Musicals in films!• Music centred films with performance clips.• This became famous/ popular in the 1950s• Which included Elvis Presley movies and rock around the clock etc.
- Videos for music programmes!• Videos began to be made for music programmes such as Top of the pops a British music programme, which showed music clips and information about music in general.• Promotional music groups began, especially the Beatles in the 1960s.
- MTV 1981!• In 1981 the USA music channel MTV was launched, making or beginning an era of music videos being shown on TV.
- Music videos Today!• Music videos today have one key aspect, which is to promote and make the music market popular.
1929 - This was the first music video ever to be released. It was for "St Louis Blues," a song by Bessie Smith. It was premiered in theatres in 1932.
1940 - "Fantasia" was a music video featuring Mickey Mouse created by Walt Disney Studios. It featured a classical music soundtrack to portray the story with, using the instruments to show expressions and feelings of characters.
1956 - Singer Tony Bennet was recorded walking through Hyde Park as his song "Stranger in Paradise" was played in the background.
1967 - This was a time when promotional music videos were of significant importance. The song "Subterrenean Homesick Blues" by Bob Dylan was featured in the film documentary "Don't Look Back" by D.A. Pennebaker.
1970 - The TV show "Top of the Pops" began. This show was used to show new musicians performing live in the studio, many of these were used as official music videos for the band.
1981 - This was the year in which MTV (Music Television) was started. Back then, it was the primary source for all music videos for all different genres.
Present Day - Music videos these days use a variety of different methods. Mostly, it is used as advertising
Sunday, 8 July 2012
Monday, 25 June 2012
Conventions of genres
| Music Genre | Clothing | Behaviours | Video settings |
| Hip-hop | Baggy clothes, gold chains and jewellery. | Lots of women, loose | Colourful, upbeat |
| Metal/Rock | Dark/black clothes | Head banging | Life performances |
| Punk | Tight, jeans | Skate boarders | Small venues? |
| | | | |
Sunday, 24 June 2012
Conventions of a music videos
Music video's are presented in a number of ways. Here are the most common ones below;
Performance-where the band or the music artist is playing the song throughout the video.
Narrative-where the song involves a narrative and so, the words and meaning of the song is acted out in some way.
Mixture-Where there is the musician playing as well as a narrative storyline occurring and the camera cross cuts to each scene.
Cameo-where the musician features in the narrative but is not actually part of the storyline and does not perform in it.
Animation-Some music videos have a mixture involving animation that is edited in, this creates creativity and entertainment to the video.
Camera Shots and Movement
Music video includes many long shots, medium shots and close ups. This is to emphasis the artist, location and emotions. The main camera angles used in quite a lot of music videos are close ups, especially in performance based music videos. These are usually of people's expressions, guitars being strummed or drums being played. Another shot that's used a lot is a low shot, these are used on performance based music videos as well so that you're able to see people from every possible angle.
Editing is the key stage to any music video, as you need to select the shots needed and match the music to the shots. Footage used is edited to match what is said in the lyrics of the music, as part as parallel editing. CGI effects-many music videos use effects to show impossible outcomes such as superhero moves, for example Eminem's Not Afraid, in which he flies like a superhero.
The mise-en-scene codes and conventions for Rock and Metal music videos are : Black clothes, skinny jeans, guitar solos, piercings, performance based, crowds, big hair, dark lighting and colours, dancing and jumping around the stage as well as black and white make up.
Performance-where the band or the music artist is playing the song throughout the video.
Narrative-where the song involves a narrative and so, the words and meaning of the song is acted out in some way.
Mixture-Where there is the musician playing as well as a narrative storyline occurring and the camera cross cuts to each scene.
Cameo-where the musician features in the narrative but is not actually part of the storyline and does not perform in it.
Animation-Some music videos have a mixture involving animation that is edited in, this creates creativity and entertainment to the video.
While looking into the codes and conventions of music video's i will be using examples for rock and metal music as i believe that might end up as the genre of music that i will be doing for my main project.
Camera Shots and Movement
Music video includes many long shots, medium shots and close ups. This is to emphasis the artist, location and emotions. The main camera angles used in quite a lot of music videos are close ups, especially in performance based music videos. These are usually of people's expressions, guitars being strummed or drums being played. Another shot that's used a lot is a low shot, these are used on performance based music videos as well so that you're able to see people from every possible angle.
The movement of the camera in music videos is quite a vital thing to take into consideration. This has to be done carefully so you don't go too far off set, so that you don't pan round too far and see another camera. Another reason that they use camera movement is also, for the same reason they use certain shots. This is so it makes you think that you're actually watching them live from part of an audience when the camera pans down and in front of them.
The different camera shots used in Rock and Metal videos: Close ups on the lead singer and the rest of the band, mid shots of the band playing their instruments and the lead singer singing, quick shot changes, pans around the stage and on the audience, long shots of the band playing their instruments, side shots left and right as well as close up's of the crowd.
Editing
Mise-en-scene
The mise-en-scene needs to be accurate as it needs to convey the style/genre of the music, and it is very good at conveying the style of the music video in most circumstances. Mise-en-scene involves location/set, clothing and costume, props and lighting.The mise-en-scene codes and conventions for Rock and Metal music videos are : Black clothes, skinny jeans, guitar solos, piercings, performance based, crowds, big hair, dark lighting and colours, dancing and jumping around the stage as well as black and white make up.
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